Intro-Histology
Study Guide
1. Define and
describe the scope of anatomy and
physiology of the human
body. Explain the meaning and importance of complementarity
to learning anatomy and physiology.
2. Identify and
define the organizational hierarchy of living organisms and the significance of
this hierarchy. Terms: cells, tissues,
organs, systems. Identify the principle systems of the human
body along with their functions and organs.
3. Identify the
fundamental processes performed by all living organisms. Give examples for the human body.
4. Define and
describe homeostasis
as it occurs in the human body and the importance of feedback in the control of
homeostasis. Differentiate between positive
and negative feedback and
describe the situations in which each would be used. Be able to diagram or
recognize the components of a feedback
loop.
5.
Identify and compare the characteristics and functions of the four major tissue
types: epithelial, connective,
muscular, nervous.
6.
Describe the characteristics, functions, locations in the body and nomenclature
for epithelial tissue. Include the characteristics of cellularity
(arrangement of cells), cellular
contacts or junctions (junctional complex), polarity (orientation), vascularity (presence
of blood vessels), and support. Terms:
tight junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes,
gap junctions, apical surface, basal surface, basal lamina, reticular lamina,
basement membrane, microvilli, connexons,
intermediate fibers, keratin; nomenclature: simple, stratified, pseudostratified, ciliated, squamous,
cuboidal, columnar, transitional.
7.
Identify the locations and functions of the following specific types of
epithelial tissue: simple squamous epithelium, stratified squamous
epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, simple cuboidal
epithelium, pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium, ciliated columnar epithelium, transitional epithelium. Terms:
endothelium, mesothelium,
goblet cell, mucus, keratinized, non-keratinized, epidermis.
8.
Identify major characteristics, and their related functions, of connective tissue. Include: cellularity, vascularity, Terms:
mesenchyme, matrix, ground substance, loose connective tissue,
dense connective tissue, inorganic salts, semisolid gel, collagen fibers,
elastic fibers (elastin), reticular fibers cell
adhesion proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans
(GAGs), (chondroitin
sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic
acid).
9.
Identify the cells, and their functions, found in connective tissue. Include: fibrocyte (-blast,-clast), osteocyte (-blast, -clast), chondrocyte (-blast, -clast),
plasma cells, mast cells, macrophages.
10.
Describe the structural characteristics, locations and functions of the
following specific connective tissues: areolar, adipose, dense regular (fibrous), dense irregular,
elastic, reticular, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage,
osseous (bone) tissue. Terms: interstitial fluid, stroma, ligaments,
tendons, lacunae, perichondrium.
11.
Identify the epithelial membranes
found in the body and describe the tissue components, locations and functions
of each. Terms: serous, mucous, cutaneous, mesentery, pericardial, pleural, peritoneal.
12.
Compare the tissues studied as to their vascularity
and ability to repair damage. Terms: regeneration,
stroma, fibrosis, granulation tissue, parenchyma,
scar tissue, adhesions.
13. Identify the
basic causes and characteristics of cancer. Terms: oncogene, proto-oncogene, tumor
suppressor gene, mutation, metastasis, apoptosis.