BIOLOGY 237

MUSCLE QUESTIONS

NOTE: The following is a sampling of what you will need to know for the test. I have concentrated on the muscles we went over in class. I have specifically left out the muscles which move the hip, elbow, knee, wrist, and ankle. You should ask yourself the same questions for those muscles, e.g. which flex, extend, adduct, abduct, which are antagonists, which synergists, etc.

Set # 1 Shoulder:

(A) teres major, (B) teres minor, (C) latissimus dorsi, (D) pectoralis major,

(E) deltoid, (F) supraspinatus, (G) infraspinatus, (H) trapezius, (I) serratus ant.

(J) rhomboid major and minor, (K) levator scapulae.

1. Which muscles adduct and medially rotate the arm?

2. Which muscles adduct and laterally rotate the arm?

3. Which muscles abduct the arm?

4. Which muscles adduct the scapula?

5. Which muscles are antagonists?

6. Which muscles are fixators?

7. Which muscles are synergists?

Set # 2 Head and Neck:

(A) sternocleidomastoid, (B) splenius capitus, (C) semispinalis capitus,

(D) longissimus capitus.

1. Which muscles flex the head and neck?

2. Which muscles extend the head?

3. Which muscles are antagonists in rotation?

Set #3 Vertebral column and thigh

(A) rectus abdominus, (B) iliopsoas, (C) erector spinae, (D) pectineus,

(E) quadratus lumborum, (F) gluteus maximus

1. Which muscles are antagonists?

2. Which muscles are synergists?

3. Which muscles extend?

4. Which muscles flex?

Answers

















Answers: NOTE: You may be able to think of additional correct answers.

Set # 1

1. A, C, D

2. B, G

3. E, F

4. H, J

5. A, C, D antagonists to G, G for rotation

A, B, C, D, G, antagonist to E for adduction-abduction of arm

H, J, antagonist to I for adduction-abduction of scapula

Rotator cuff muscles stabilize humerus: [A], B, E, F, G

H, I, J fixate scapula.

7. Muscles in answer 1,

muscles in answer 2,

muscles in answer 3,

muscles in answer 4.

Set # 2

1. A

2. B, C, D

3. Each muscle is paired and is the antagonist to its opposite pair. B, C, and D which laterally rotate head are antagonistic to A which medially rotates head. Head must be fixed in terms of flexion and extension for rotation to be the dominant movement. Left side examples of A, B, C and D are antagonistic to their right side pairs for abduction of the head.



Set # 3

1. A antagonistic to C and E for flexion-extension of vertebral column,

B, D are antagonistic to F for flexion-extension of thigh,

2. B and D for flexion of thigh, E and F for extension of thigh

A , B and D would be synergists in situp exercises, antagonistic to C and F.

3. C, E, and F extend the vertebral column or thigh

4. A, B and D flex the vertebral column or thigh.