1. The action illustrated in Figure 1 in which the arm is moved medially toward the trunk is:
(A) flexion, (B) extension, (C) abduction, (D) adduction,
(E) circumduction.
2. Which of the following would be a prime mover in the above action:
(A) trapezius, (B) latissimus dorsi, (C) pectoralis minor, (D) deltoid,
(E) both A and C.
3. An antagonist to #2 would be:
(A) deltoid, (B) supraspinatus, (C) teres major, (D) all of the above, (E) A and B only.
4. A synergist with #2 which also medially rotates the arm:
(A) supraspinatus, (B) pectoralis major, (C) teres minor, (D) all of the above, (E) A and C
only.
5. The movement illustrated by Figure 2 in which the thigh is brought back as in running is called ? of the hip: (A) dorsiflexion, (B) plantar flexion, (C) flexion, (D) extension,.
6. Which of the following would be a prime mover in the above action, especially in forceful activities such as climbing, running, skating:
(A) rectus femoris, (B) gluteus maximus, (C) tibialis posterior, (D) iliopsoas.
7. An antagonist to #6 in this movement would be:
(A) tibialis anterior, (B) iliopsoas, (C) biceps femoris, (D) all of the above,
(E) A and B only.
8. The trapezius acts together with the ? to retract or adduct the scapula:
(A) rhomboid major and minor, (B) teres major and minor, (C) subscapularis,
(D) pectoralis minor.
9. Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle:
(A) pectoralis major, (B) infraspinatus, (C) supraspinatus,
(D) subscapularis, (E) teres minor.
10. The movement, often mistakenly called pronation, in which the sole of the foot is moved outward (away from the midline) is: (A) dorsiflexion, (B) plantar flexion, (C) inversion, (D) eversion.
11. The intervertebral disks have a structure identical to that of the:
(A) symphysis pubis, (B) sutures, (C) first rib-sternum, (D) all of the above,
(E) A and B only.
12. The tibia-fibula joint has the same structural classification as the:
(A) symphyses, (B) sutures, (C) synchondroses, (D) synovial joints,
(E) both A and B.
13. Which of the following is not an adductor:
(A) infraspinatus, (B) teres major, (C) subscapularis, (D) supraspinatus, (E) gracilis
14. The type of arthritis which begins with destruction of articular cartilage and leads to bone spurs is:
(A) rheumatoid arthritis, (B) gouty arthritis, (C) osteoarthritis, (D) bursitis.
15. When the radius medially rotates from anatomical position, the movement of the hand is described as:
(A) supination, (B) pronation, (C) inversion, (D) eversion, (E) adduction.
(A) lateral collateral, (B) posterior cruciate, (C) medial meniscus,
(D) flexor retinaculum, (E) tensor fascia latae.
16. A muscle of the thigh which attaches to the iliotibial tract.
17. An intracapsular ligament which helps to prevent forward sliding of the femur on the tibia.
18. An extracapsular ligament which stabilizes the knee
19. Wraps around tendons to keep them in position, such as in the "carpal tunnel".
20. Intracapsular cartilage which absorbs shock.
(A) myofibril, (B) myofilament, (C) epimysium, (D) fascicle, (E) sarcomere.
21. The bands of actin and myosin proteins are called these.
22. The smallest unit of a muscle cell which shortens.
23. This is a bundle of muscle cells surrounded by connective tissue.
24. These structures are subunits of a muscle cell which fill up its sarcoplasm.
25. Connective tissue which surrounds each muscle.
(A) involuntary, (B) voluntary, (C) single unit, (D) multinucleated.
27. The term for the origin of the action potential in cardiac and smooth muscle:
(A) involuntary, (B) voluntary, (C) myogenic, (D) multinucleated.
28. Which type of muscle forms functional units of connected cells:
(A) cardiac, (B) skeletal, (C) smooth muscle, (D) A and B, (E) A and C.
Questions 29 through 33 utilize Figure 3: Use choices given. Letters may be used more than once.
29. The Titin proteins are found in:
(A) A, (D) D, (E) E.
30. The actin filaments are shown as:
(A) A, (D) D, (E) E.
31. The A-bands are shown as
(A) A, (B) B, (C) C.
32. These proteins are part of the muscle's series elastic elements. (A) A, (D) D, (E) E.
33. Muscle shortening is accompanied by shortening or disappearance of: (B) B, (C) C.
34. Response A in Figure 4 results from:
(A) increased number of cells or motor units
responding to each additional stimulus, (B) an
increased response of a given number of cells
when stimulated without completely relaxing,
(C) the warmup effect as a muscle's response
increases when initially stimulated after resting.
35. The response seen at B in Figure 4 is called:
(A) tetany, (B) treppe, (C) quantal summation,
(D) wave summation.
36. The response at B in Figure 4 is:
(A) seen in most normal muscle contractions,
(B) a form of contracture only seen in muscle disorders and certain diseases,
(C) an artificial response only seen in the laboratory.
37. The period during which the sarcolemma is depolarized and the muscle cannot be stimulated is the:
(A) latent period, (B) refractory period,
(C) tetanus, (D) treppe.
38,39. In glycolysis, muscles split glucose into (38) , processing it aerobically when oxygen is plentiful but converting #38 into (39) when oxygen is unavailable.
(A) ATP, (B) lactic acid, (C) pyruvic acid, (D) citric acid.
40. Fast twitch/strength fibers utilize which of the following for energy supply:
(A) glycolysis, (B) fermentation, (C) phosphagen system, (D) all of these,
(E) B and C only.
41. Creatine phosphate:
(A) stores energy which can be converted quickly to ATP,
(B) stores oxygen which can be released to provide muscles with more endurance,
(C) provides energy for the first 8 to 15 seconds of fast twitch muscle contraction,
(D) all of the above,
(E) A and C only.
42. The respond to training by producing more mitochondria:
(A) white fibers, (B) red fibers
43. The store large amounts of glycogen:
(A) white fibers, (B) red fibers
(A) tropomyosin, (B) troponin complex, (C) Ach E, (D) sarcoplasmic reticulum,
(E) T-tubules
44. Releases calcium when signaled by an action potential.
45. Carries the action potential to the interior of the muscle fiber.
46. Binds to calcium to remove the block on the active sites of actin.
47. Wraps around the actin molecules to physically block the active sites.
48. Breaks down acetylcholine to make receptors able to receive another stimulus.
(A) the myosin heads swivel in the "working stroke"
(B) Calcium binds to TnC
(C) ATP is hydrolyzed and its energy transferred to myosin
(D) all of the above, (E) A and C only.
50. As a direct result of acetylcholine stimulating receptors on the sarcolemma;
(A) Na+ enters the cell, (B) Ca+2 enters the cell, (C) the sarcolemma depolarizes,
. (D) Both A and C, (E) Both B and C.
Answers
| 1 D | 11 A | 21 B | 31 B | 41 E |
| 2 B | 12 B | 22 E | 32 A | 42 B |
| 3 E | 13 D | 23 D | 33 C | 43 A |
| 4 B | 14 C | 24 A | 34 B | 44 D |
| 5 D | 15 B | 25 C | 35 A | 45 E |
| 6 B | 16 E | 26 A | 36 A | 46 B |
| 7 B | 17 B | 27 C | 37 B | 47 A |
| 8 A | 18 A | 28 E | 38 C | 48 C |
| 9 A | 19 D | 29 A | 39 B | 49 A |
| 10 D | 20 C | 30 D | 40 D | 50 D |