BIOLOGY 237

Unit 3 Sample Test

1 through 5 apply to Figure 1:

1. Which neuron would be a sensory neuron?

(A) I, (B) II, (C) III.

2. Part E would be located:

(A) at the receptor,

(B) at the effector,

(C) in the ganglion,

(D) in the gray matter.

3. Which letter shows the dendrite?

4. The Schwann Cell is which letter?

5. Which neuron is rare in the adult?

(A) I, (B) II, (C) III.

6 through 10 apply to Figure 2.

6. Letter E represents the:

(A) gray matter, (B) ganglion,

(C) spinal tract, (D) receptor.

7. Letter F represents the:

(A) dorsal root, (B) ventral root,

(C) spinal nerve, (D) plexus.

8. Letter B would be at:

(A) a receptor, (B) an effector,

(C) the corticospinal tract,

(D) the spinothalamic tract.

9. The reflex shown would be:

(A) a two-neuron reflex,

(B) a three-neuron reflex, (C) a withdrawal reflex, (D) A and C, (E) B and C.

10. Neuron C in Figure 2 is the same type as in Figure 1.

(A) I, (B) II, (C) III.

11 through 15 Matching:

(A) axon, (B) axon terminus, (C) dendrite, (D) Nissl bodies, (E) neurilemma.

11. The outer membrane of a neuron, or of the Schwann cell if unmyelinated.

12. The input or receptive region of a neuron.

13. The region which releases the neurotransmitter.

14. A neuron's rough ER.

15. The conductive region of a neuron.

16 through 20 Matching:

(A) action potential, (B) depolarization, (C) absolute refractory period,

(D) relative refractory period, (E) repolarization.

16. Period during which the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus.

17. Requires a stronger than normal stimulus to trigger a response.

18. The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.

19. A self-propagated wave of depolarization along the membrane.

20. Principally due to potassium ions leaving the neuron.

21, 22. An increase in the number of neurons simultaneously stimulating a motor neuron can produce (21) summation, while an increase in the intensity of stimulus would result

in (22) summation.

(A) temporal, (B) spatial.

23. (A) True, (B) False. Saltatory conduction occurs because of the salt (NaCl) surrounding the neuron.

24. (A) True, (B) False. Strong stimuli cause an increase in the amplitude of action potentials.

25. (A) True, (B) False. Peripheral nerve fiber regeneration is due in part to the presence of oligodendrocytes.

26. A hyperpolarization would a reflex.

(A) elicit, (B) inhibit.

27. Facilitation of a reflex would involve of the reflex by the brain.

(A) prior depolarization, (B) prior hyperpolarization.

28. An epidural anesthetic is injected:

(A) outside the dura mater, (B) beneath the dura mater, (C) in the arachnoid space,

(C) in the spinal canal, (D) A and C.

29. (A) True, (B) False. The spinal cord proper ends at about the 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra.

30. The resting membrane potential is principally due to:

(A) the sodium potassium pump, (B) release of neurotransmitters,

(C) release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, (D) action of acetylcholinesterase.

31 through 35 Matching: Each answer used once only.

(A) deep tendon reflex, (B) withdrawal reflex, (C) stretch reflex,

(D) crossed extensor reflex, (E) multisynaptic reflex.

31. Stimulated by a Golgi receptor.

32. Always involves both excitation and inhibition of muscles on both sides of the body.

33. Any reflex with more than two neurons.

34. Stimulated by muscle extension.

35. Also sends stimuli through the spinothalamic tract.

36 through 40 Matching: Use each answer once only.

(A) spinothalamic tracts, (B) corticospinal tracts, (C) extrapyramidal tracts,

(D) spinocerebellar, (E) fasciculus cuneatus and gracilis.

36. Conducts information regarding "body sense" or conscious proprioception.

37. Conducts unconscious proprioceptive information.

38. Descending tract for voluntary control of skeletal muscles.

39. Tract for muscle tone and maintenance of balance.

40. Associated with information about pain, temperature, pressure, and crude touch.

41 through 45 Matching: Use each answer once only.

(A) phrenic nerve, (B) ulnar nerve, (C) axillary nerve, (D) femoral nerve,

(E) sciatic nerve.

41. The largest nerve of the lumbar plexus.

42. Arises from the medial brachial cord, serves the medial portion of the arm.

43. Arises from the posterior brachial cord, serves the shoulder muscles.

44. The primary nerve serving the leg.

45. A cervical plexus nerve.

46 through 50: (A) True, (B) False.

46. Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.

47. Irritation of the phrenic nerve could cause spasms of the diaphragm.

48. The epineurium forms a tunnel through which peripheral nerve fibers can regenerate.

49. Multiple Sclerosis results from a deterioration of the endoneurium.

50. The "knee jerk" is a deep tendon reflex.

Answers:
1.C 11.E 21.B 31.A 41.D
2.B 12.C 22.A 32.D 42.B
3.A 13.B 23.B 33.E 43.C
4.D 14.D 24.B 34.C 44.E
5.B 15.A 25.B 35.B 45.A
6.B 16.C 26.B 36.E 46.B
7.A 17.D 27.A 37.D 47.A
8.B 18.B 28.A 38.B 48.B
9.E 19.A 29.A 39.C 49.B
10.A 20.E 30.A 40.A 50.B
































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