Answer each question by placing a mark in the appropriate space on computer answer sheet.
Mark double boxes where indicated.
1 through 5 Matching: Letters may be used more than once or not at all.
(A) cervical plexus, (B) brachial plexus, (C) lumbar plexus, (D) sacral plexus.
1. Trauma to this plexus may cause numbness of wrist or hand.
2. A nerve from this plexus serves the diaphragm.
3. Improper injection to the buttocks might injure a nerve of this plexus.
4. The obturator and femoral nerves arise from this plexus.
5. Striking the "funny bone" disturbs a nerve of this plexus
(A) complete loss of sensation, (B) complete loss of movement,
(C) loss only of autonomic function, (D) loss of spinocerebellar function.
7. Discriminative touch and "body sense" travels by way of which tract?
(A) spinothalamic, (B) fasciculus gracilis, (C) spinocerebellar, (D) extrapyramidal,
(AB) A and B, (BC) B and C, (CD) C and D.
8. Proprioceptors would send information through the:
(A) spinothalamic, (B) fasciculus gracilis, (C) spinocerebellar, (D) extrapyramidal,
(AB) A and B, (BC) B and C, (CD) C and D.
9. The term "first order neuron" indicates:
(A) a neuron in the brain, (B) a neuron in the spinal cord, (C) a motor neuron,
(D) a sensory neuron which begins a pathway.
10. A problem maintaining balance but without muscle paralysis might indicate trauma to which tract?
(A) spinothalamic, (B) fasciculus gracilis, (C) spinocerebellar, (D) extrapyramidal.
(A) deep tendon reflex, or (B) stretch reflex.
11. Initiated by muscle contraction.
12. Receptor is muscle spindle.
13. Causes reciprocal excitation.
14. Initiated by muscle stretch.
15. Causes contraction of the same muscle associated with the stimulus.
16 through 20 apply to
Figure 1.
16. D is the:
(A) dorsal root, (B) ventral root, C) corticospinal tract, (D) nerve.
17. E is pointing to:
(A) motor neuron, (B) sensory neuron, (C) multipolar neuron, (D) unipolar neuron,
(E) A and C, (BD) B and D.
18. The small circle at H is the cell body of:
(A) motor neuron, (B) sensory neuron, (C) multipolar neuron, (D) unipolar neuron,
(E) A and C, (BD) B and D.
19. B is located at the:
(A) receptor, (B) effector, (C) brain, (D) white matter, (E) gray matter.
20. The sensory axon is indicated by:
Choose: C, F, G, H
21. The innermost wrapping of the spinal cord is the:
(A) endoneurium, (B) perineurium, (C) eipneurium, (D) pia mater.
22. The tapering lumbar end of the spinal cord is called:
(A) conus medullaris, (B) filum terminale, (C) denticulate ligament, (D) dura mater.
23. The somatic area served by a particular spinal nerve is:
(A) ramus, (B) plexus, (C) cord, (D) dermatome, (E) trunk.
24 through 31
apply to Figure 2
24. Which letter indicates the part found in a spinal ganglion? (Use letters from Figure 2)
25. Which letter indicates the receptive region of a neuron?
(A) A, (B) B, (C) E, (D) all of these, (E) both A and B.
26. Which letter indicates the trigger zone of a neuron? (Use letters from Figure 2)
27. Chemically gated ion channels are found in:
(A) A, (B) B, (C) E, (D) all of these, (E) A and B only.
28. The trigger zone is located at which area? (Use letters from Figure 2)
29. Which neuron might be a "lower motor neuron"?
(A) I, (B) II, (C) III.
30. Which neuron might be a first order neuron?
(A) I, (B) II, (C) III.
31. Which letter shows the axon terminus? (Use letters from Figure 2)
32. The peripheral nervous system includes:
(A) spinal ganglia, (B) receptors, (C) nerves, (D) all of these, (E) B and C only.
33. A group of axon fibers outside the Central Nervous System is a:
(A) nerve, (B) ganglion, (C) tract, (D) reflex.
34. Stimulus strength is encoded by:
(A) action potential amplitude, (B) action potential frequency,
(C) degree of depolarization, (D) level of hyperpolarization.
35, 36. In a crossed extensor reflex if you step on a nail with the right leg, it will (35) and the left leg will (36) .
(A) flex, (B) extend.
37. An ascending spinal tract would be:
(A) sensory, (B) motor, (C) mixed.
38. There are pair of spinal nerves:
(A) 4, (B) 12, (C) 24, (D) 31.
39. Gaps between Schwann Cells are known as:
(A) nodes of Ranvier, (B) synapses, (C) gap junctions, (D) Merkel Disks.
(A) resting potential, (B) receptor potential, (C) graded potential,
(D) action potential, (E) excitatory post-synaptic potential.
40. Short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarizing or
hyperpolarizing.
41. A self-propagated movement of depolarization along the membrane of a neuron or muscle.
42. A local depolarization occurring on the receptive region of a neuron.
43. Potential existing across the membrane of a neuron when ion gates are closed.
44. Local potential occurring only at the receptive region of a sensory neuron.
(A) prior depolarization, (B) prior hyperpolarization.
46. An IPSP results from of the post-synaptic membrane.
(A) depolarization, (B) hyperpolarization.
47. When one or more pre-synaptic neurons firing in rapid order produces a greater EPSP than would be produced if they fired only once, it is called:
(A) saltatory conduction, (B) temporal summation, (C) spatial summation,
(D) hyperpolarization.
48. Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which ion gates open?
(A) Na+, (B) K+, (C) Cl-, (D) Ca++
49. An IPSP is associated with:
(A) increased Na+ permeability across the membrane of the neuron
(B) increased K+ permeability across the membrane of the neuron
(C) opening of voltage regulated ion gates
(D) lowering of the threshold required for an action potential.
(E) Both B and D.
(A) ependymal cells, (B) microglia, (C) oligodendrocytes, (D) astrocytes,
(E) Schwann cells.
50. These manage a neuron's external environment and their relationship to surrounding blood vessels.
51. Phagocytic cells in the CNS.
52. Help to circulate and regulate the cerebrospinal fluid.
53. Myelinate CNS fibers.
54. Myelinate PNS fibers.
(A) positively, (B) negatively, (C) less, (D) more.
57, 58. The absolute refractory period occurs when sodium channels are (57) and potassium
channels are (58) .
(A) open, (B) closed.
59. The surge in depolarization which results in the "spike" of the action potential is caused by the opening of channels.
(A) sodium, (B) potassium, (C) calcium, (D) chloride.
60. Repolarization is primarily due to:
(A) sodium-potassium pump, (B) sodium entering the cell, (C) potassium leaving the cell,
(D) calcium entering the cell.
| 1 B | 11 A | 21 D | 31 E | 41 D | 51 B |
| 2 A | 12 B | 22 A | 32 D | 42 E | 52 A |
| 3 D | 13 A | 23 D | 33 A | 43 A | 53 C |
| 4 C | 14 B | 24AB | 34 B | 44 B | 54 E |
| 5 B | 15 B | 25 E | 35 A | 45 B | 55 B |
| 6 B | 16 B | 26 C | 36 B | 46 B | 56 C |
| 7 B | 17 BD | 27 E | 37 A | 47 B | 57 A |
| 8 BC | 18 E | 28 C | 38 D | 48 B | 58 B |
| 9 D | 19 B | 29 A | 39 A | 49 B | 59 A |
| 10 D | 20 F | 30 C | 40 C | 50 D | 60 C |