(A) ependymal cells, (B) oligodendrocytes, (C) astrocytes, (D) microglia,
(E) Schwann cells.
1. These are phagocytic cells.
2. These help to circulate and modify the cerebrospinal fluid.
3. These manage the extracellular environment of the neurons.
4. These form many wrappings around neuron fibers.
5. The name of these means they have few processes.
6. The receptor for this reflex is:
(A) muscle spindle,
(B) Golgi tendon organ.
7. This reflex is called a reflex.
(A) stretch, (B) tendon, (C)
crossed extensor, (D)
withdrawal.
8. Neuron #5 is:
(A) multipolar, (B) unipolar, (C) bipolar.
9. Neuron #3 is: (A) multipolar, (B) unipolar, (C) bipolar.
10. Neuron #1 is:
(A) an inhibitory motor neuron, (B) an excitatory motor neuron, (C) neither A nor B.
11. Reciprocal inhibition is shown by: (A) pathway 1, (B) pathway 2, (C) pathway 5, (D)
none of the above.
12. Reciprocal activation is shown by: (A) pathway 1, (B) pathway 2, (C) pathway 5, (D)
none of the above.
13. Part 4 is located in: (A) the dorsal root ganglion, (B) the ventral root ganglion, (C) the gray matter.
15. Nerve damage to the cervical plexus might result in loss of motor stimuli to the:
(A) shoulder, (B) diaphragm, (C) flexor muscles of the wrist, (D) genitalia, (E) none of
these.
Questions 16 through 21 Refer to action potential diagram below:
16. The resting potential is indicated by:
(A) #1, (B) #5, (C) #4, (D) #7.
17. The upward spike of the action potential at #2 indicates: (A) a graded potential, (B) hyperpolarization,
(C) opening of voltage regulated sodium gates,
(D) opening of voltage regulated
potassium gates.
18. Hyperpolarization is seen at:
(A) #1, (B) #5, (C) #4, (D) #6, (E) #7.
19. The relative refractory period occurs at:
(A) #2, (B) #3, (C) #4, (D) #8 (spans 2 and 3)
20. The primary cause of repolarization is:
(A) opening of voltage regulated sodium gates,
(B) closing of voltage regulated sodium gates,
(C) opening of voltage regulated potassium gates,
(D) closing of voltage regulated potassium gates.
21. The absolute refractory period occurs in the period of axonal:
(A) depolarization, (B) hyperpolarization, (C) resting membrane potential.
22. Which of the following occurs immediately after summation produces a threshold depolarization:
(A) sodium gates open causing a net movement of sodium into the cell,
(B) sodium gates open causing a net movement of sodium out of the cell,
(C) potassium gates open causing a net movement of potassium into the cell,
(D) potassium gates open causing a net movement of potassium out of the cell.
23. An EPSP is associated with:
(A) increased sodium permeability across the neuron membrane,
(B) increased potassium permeability across the neuron membrane,
(C) opening of voltage regulated ion gates
(D) A and C,
(E) B and C.
24, 25. An inhibited reflex pathway would result from prior (24) due to multiple (25) .
Choices for #24: (A) hyperpolarization, (B) depolarization,
Choices for #25: (C) EPSPs, (D) IPSPs.
26. A few neurons firing with a high frequency would produce:
(A) spatial summation, (B) temporal summation.
27, 28. A withdrawal reflex normally results in (27) of the same side flexors while resulting in
reciprocal (28) .
(A) activation, (B) inhibition.
(A) fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus (considered as one tract), (B) spinocerebellar tract,
(C) spinothalamic tract, (D) A and B, (E) A and C.
29. Receives stimuli from muscle spindles and tendon receptors.
30. Ultimate destination is the cerebral cortex.
31. Pathway from medulla to thalamus through the medial lemniscus.
32. Carries discriminative touch perception.
33. Fibers end up on the same side as the initial stimuli.
34. Pain receptors send stimuli through this tract.
35. An interneuron in a withdrawal reflex would send a fiber through this tract.
(A) corticospinal, (B) spinocerebellar, (C) extrapyramidals, (D) both A and C.
37. The tibial and are branches of the sciatic nerve.
(A) pudendal, (B) peroneal, (C) obturator, (D) gluteal.
(A) axillary, (B) radial, (C) obturator, (D) femoral, (E) ulnar.
38. Innervates the adductor muscles of leg.
39. Innervates the deltoid muscle.
40. Innervates the flexor muscles of the wrist.
41. Innervates the extensor muscles of the upper anterior thigh.
42. Innervates the extensor muscles of the wrist.
(A) transport of neurotransmitters to the axon terminus,
(B) retrograde degeneration of a neuron,
(C) regeneration of an axon after damage,
(D) transmission of an action potential along the axon.
44. The event which happens immediately after and as a result of calcium ions released into the axon is:
(A) opening of chemically-regulated ion gates, (B) opening of voltage-regulated ion gates,
(C) exocytosis of neurotransmitter from pre-synaptic membrane,
(D) depolarization of post-synaptic membrane.
Questions 45 through 50 apply to the following diagram:
45. The area containing only voltage
regulated ion gates: (A) 1, (B) 3,
(C) 4, (D) 5, (E) 6.
46. The trigger region is:
(A) 1, (B) 3, (C) 4, (D) 5, (E)
6.
47. The secretory region is:
(A) 1, (B) 3, (C) 4, (D) 5, (E) 6.
48. The part where neurotransmitters and other chemicals for neuron function are produced:
(A) 1, (B) 2, (C) 8, (D) 6.
49. #7 indicates the:
(A) synapse, (B) node of Ranvier, (C) conus medullaris, (D) intercalated disk.
50. Which part would be found in a nerve?
(A) 1, (B) 3, (C) 5, (D) 6, (E) all of these.
Answers:
| 1 D | 11 D | 21 A | 31 A | 41 D |
| 2 A | 12 B | 22 A | 32 A | 42 B |
| 3 C | 13 A | 23 A | 33 B | 43 C |
| 4 E | 14 B | 24 A | 34 C | 44 C |
| 5 B | 15 B | 25 D | 35 C | 45 D |
| 6 B | 16 A | 26 B | 36 C | 46 C |
| 7 B | 17 C | 27 A | 37 B | 47 E |
| 8 B | 18 C | 28 B | 38 C | 48 B |
| 9 A | 19 C | 29 D | 39 A | 49 B |
| 10 A | 20 C | 30 E | 40 E | 50 C |