BIOLOGY 238 Sample Test 2

Respiration and Digestion

1 through 4 Matching: Match the letters (including double) from the spirograph above with

descriptions below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.

















1. Air volume keeping the alveoli inflated

2. Inspiration beyond a restful inspiration

3. A maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration

4. A single restful breath

5. The vital capacity is equal to:

(A)A+B+C. (B)B+C+D. (c)A+C+D. (D)A+B.

6. The vital capacity would not be significantly reduced in disorders which are purely:

(A) obstructive, (B) restrictive

7. A disorder which constricts the lungs airways is:

(A) obstructive, (B) restrictive

8,9. The FEV1 measurement is reduced below (8) in (9) disorders.

(A) 25%, (B) 50%, (C) 75%, (D) obstructive, (E) restrictive

10. The tendency of the lungs to collapse or recoil is called their:

(A) plasticity, (B) elasticity, (C) compliance, (D) collapsability.

11. Which of the following enhance the tendency in #10:

(A) elastic stroma of the lungs, B) negative pleural pressure, (C) surfactant,

(D) all of the above, (E) B and C only.

12. If Tidal Volume is 400 cc., Vital Capacity is 4000 cc.,

and respiratory rate is 12 bpm, what additional volume would be needed to calculate the Alveolar Ventilation Rate?

(A) Residual Volume, (B) conducting zone, (C) Inspiratory Reserve Volume,

(D) Both B and C.

13. The percent of Vital Capacity expelled in the first second is the:

(A) ERV, (B)IRV, (C) FEV1. (D) pO2 (E) VO2 max

14. Which of the following is NOT a direct stimulus to the respiratory center?

(A) muscle contraction, (B) increased pCO2, (C) decreased pH.

(D) Fight or Flight through the hypothalamus, (E) 2,3 DPG.

15. Which will increase the alveolar ventilation rate more?

(A) increasing the respiratory rate from 12 to 24. or

(B) increasing the Tidal Volume from 400 to 800 cc.

16 and 17. As altitude increases the total atmospheric pressure (16) and the partial pressure of oxygen, pO2, (17) .

(A) increases, (B) decreases.

18 through 21 Match the following pO2 (mmHg at STP) values with their location:

(A) 160, (B) 100-105, (C) 40, (D) less than 40

18. systemic tissues

19. inspired air

20. pulmonary arterial blood

21. alveolar air and pulmonary venous blood

22 In which of the following would pCO2 be highest:

(A) pulmonary arterial blood, (B) alveolar air, (C) expired air,

(D) pulmonary venous blood

2

3 through 25. Voluntary hypoventilation would lead to (23) pCO2 and (24) pH levels in

blood, and would result in (25) need to breathe.

(A) increased, (B) decreased, (C) unchanged.

26. Acidosis would lead to ? as a reflex through the respiratory center

(A) hyperventilation, (B) hypoventilation.

27. The primary stimuli for increasing respiration is/are:

(A) pCO2. (B) pH, (C) p02, (D) all of these, (E) A and B only.

28 through 30 Use the following choices. Answers may be used more than once.

(A) CO2 in solution, (B) carbaminohemoglobin, (C) 2,3 DPG,

(D) H2CO3 and H+ and HCO3- in equilibrium (E) both B and C.

28. Most CO2 is carried in the blood as

29. Low blood pO2 results directly in more of this.

30. An increase in this results in increased oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin.

31 through 35 Indicate if an increase in each of the following will be result in

(A) increased or (B) decreased, hemoglobin saturation with oxygen.

31. pO2

32. p CO2

33.2,3 DPG

34. pH

35. altitude

36. The large cartilage which supports the vocal folds is pronounced:

(A) lair-nix, (B) lair-inks, (C) thyroid. (I) cricoid.

37. Which of the following has seromucous glands as part of its mucociliary escalator?

(A) pharynx, (B) trachea, (C) large bronchioles, (D) alveolar sacs, (E) bronchi.

38. Cilia are found to some extent in all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) nasopharynx, (B) trachea, (C) terminal bronchioles,

(D) bronchi, (E) both C and D.

39. The respiratory zone includes which of the following:

(A) trachea, (B) large bronchioles, (C) alveolar sacs, (D) bronchi

(E) all except C.

40. Supporting cartilage is found in which of the following:

(A) trachea, (B) large bronchioles, (C) alveolar sacs, (D) bronchi

(E) A and D, (F) A, B and D.

41 through 45 Matching: Answers may be used more than once.

(A) mucosa, (B) muscularis, (C) submucosa, (D)serosa.

41. areolar tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes.

42. variable throughout the alimentary canal in terms of number of layers and type of tissue and its arrangement.

43. Responsible for secretion of enzymes and absorption of digestive endproducts.

44. also called the visceral peritoneum.

45. includes the connective lamina propria and the muscularis mucosae.

46. Esophageal mucosa has:

(A) simple columnar epithelium, (B) non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium,

(C) special glands for mucous secretion, (D) abundant rugae, (E) both B and C.

47. Esophageal muscularis is:

(A) double layered smooth muscle, (B) skeletal muscle, (C) 3-layered smooth muscle,

(D) distinct cardiac sphincter, (E) both A and B.

48. Esophageal covering is:

(A) a fibrous adventitia, (B) a serous visceral peritoneum.

49. The stomach lining has :

(A) numerous rugae for expansion, (B) mucus neck cells, (C) simple columnar epithelium

(D) villi for increased surface area, (E) all except D.

50. The stomach muscularis has:

(A) double layered smooth muscle, (B) 3-layered smooth muscle, (C) taenia coli,

(D) distinct pyloric sphincter, (E) both B and D.

51. The small intestine has:

(A) rugae, (B) villi, (C) plicae circularis, (D) haustra, (E) B and C only

52. The muscle of the small intestine:

(A) is a 2-layered smooth muscle, (B) is a 3-layered smooth muscle,

(C) has one layer plus taenia coli, (D) produces retropulsion, (E) Both C and D.

53. The muscle of the colon:

(A) is 2-layered smooth muscle, (B) is 3-layered smooth muscle, (C) is one layer plus taenia coli, (D) exhibits haustral churning, (E) Both C and D.

54 through 58 Matching: Use each answer only once.

(A) mechanical digestion, (B) peristalsis, (C) retropulsion, (D) mass peristalsis,

(E) segmentation.

54 a backwards movement or reverberation which serves to churn the chyme

55. increases the surface area and exposure to enzymes

56. contractions of the circular smooth muscle layer only

57. large infrequent movements often resulting fr~m the gastrocolic reflex

58. rippling wave-like contractions of the longitudinal muscle layer

59. Which of the fol lowing does NOT flow through the hepatopancreatic ampulla and the sphincter of Oddi into the duodenum?

(A) bile, (B) bicarbonate, (C) trypsin, D) lipase, (E) brush border enzymes.

60. Brunner's glands are found in the:

(A) stomach, (B) esophagus, (C) duodenum, (D) colon,

61. Peyer's patches are found in the:

(A) stomach, (B) esophagus, (C) duodenum, (D) ileum,

62. Carbohydrate digestion occurs due to enzymes secreted by the:

(A) stomach and small intestine

(B) stomach, small intestine, and pancreas

(C) salivary glands, small intestine, and pancreas

(D) salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas.

63. Protein digestion occurs due to enzymes secreted by the:

(A) stomach and small intestine

(B) stomach, small intestine, and pancreas

(C) salivary glands, small intestine, and pancreas

(D) salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas.



64. Most water is absorbed by the:

(A) stomach, (B) small intestine, (C) colon.

65. Virtually all digestive endproducts are absorbed in the:

(A) stomach, (B) small intestine, (C) colon, (E) cecum.

66. The colon:

(A) absorbs water, (B) permits bacterial action on undigested materials,

(C) absorbs electrolytes and vitamin K, (D) all of these, (E) A and B only.

67. _____ is/are the "go" signal to increase gastric motility and secretions.

(A) GIP, (B) gastrin, (C) secretin, (D) villikinin, (E) B and C.

68. ______ is/are the "stop" signal to inhibit stomach activity.

(A) GIP, (B) gastrin, (C) secretin, (D) all of these, (E) A and C.

69. The gastric phase of control over stomach activity includes:

(A) gastrin, (B) enterogastrones, (C) GIP, (D) all of these,

70. The intestinal phase of control over the stomach includes:

(A) gastrin, (B) enterogastrones, (C) GIP, (D) all of these, (E) B and C only.

71 through 75 Matching: Use each answer once only.

(A) maltase, (B) pepsin, (C) pepsinogen, (D) amylase, E) carboxypeptidase.

71. ultimate endproduct of its action is maltose.

72. an enzyme precursor which is activated by low pH

73. its substrate is the disaccharide produced from starch digestion

74. initial digestion of polypeptides into shorter chains

75. produces amino acids

76 through 80 Matching: Use each answer once only

(A) micelle, (B) active co-transport, (C) chylomicrons, (D) facilitated diffusion.

(E) simple diffusion.

76. specifically transports fructose into mucosal cells

77. fat soluble molecules transport into mucosal cells

78. fats into lamina propria within the villus

79. amino acids and monosaccharides transported into mucosal cells

80. amino acids and monosaccharides transport from lamina propria into blood capillaries.

Answers



























Answers

1.d, 2.b., 3.e, 4.a, 5.a, 6.a, 7.a, 8.c, 9.d, 10.b, 11.a, 12.b, 13.c, 14.e, 15.b, 16.b, 17.b, 18.d,

19.a, 20.c, 21.b, 22.a, 23.a, 24.b, 25.a, 26.a, e 27.e, 28.d, 29.e, 30.e, 31.a, 32.b, 33.b, 34.a, 35.b,

36.c, 37.b, 38.c, 39.c, 40.e, 41.c, 42.b, 43.a, 44.d, 45.a, 46.b, 47.e, 48.a, 49.e, 50.e, 51.e, 52.a

53.e, 54.c, 55.a, 56.e, 57.d, 58.b, 59.e, 60.c, 61.d, 62.c, 63.b, 64.b, 65.b, 66.d, 67.b, 68.e, 69.a,

70.d, 71.d, 72.c, 73.a, 74.b, 75.e, 76.d, 77.a, 78.c, 79.b, 80.e.