1 through 5 Matching: Answers may be used only once.
(A) Vitamin D, (B) beta carotene, (C) vitamin C, (D) pantothenic acid, (E) riboflavin.
1.The basis for FAD synthesis.
2. A water-soluble vitamin also known as an anti-oxidant
3. The precursor molecule to Vitamin A.
4. Necessary for calcium absorption.
5. Necessary for Coenzyme A production.
(A) glycogenesis, (B) glycogenolysis, (C) gluconeogenesis, (D) lipolysis,
(E) both B and D.
6. Lowers blood glucose
7. Stimulated by insulin
8. Triggered by both epinephrine and glucagon
9. Releases glycerol and fatty acids
10. Provides the substrate for beta oxidation
(A) glycolysis, (B) Kreb's cycle, (C) Electron transport chain, (D) all of these,
(E) A and B only.
11. Glucose serves as the initial reactant.
12. Directly produces ATP
13. Releases hydrogen ions/electrons (H+/e -) which are accepted by NAD or FADH.
14. Occurs in the cell's cytoplasm.
15. Involves the formation of a 6-carbon molecule and its successive degradation to a 4-carbon molecule.
(A) oxaloacetic acid, (B) pyruvic acid, (C) a ketoglutaric acid, (D) coenzyme A.
17. The molecule which forms a temporary intermediate with the acetyl group before the transfer is:
(A) oxaloacetic acid, (B) pyruvic acid, (C) a ketoglutaric acid, (D) coenzyme A.
18. Under aerobic conditions pyruvic acid is converted to :
(A) lactic acid, (B) oxaloacetic acid, (C) acetyl group, (D) citric acid.
19. The conversion described in Question #18 is accompanied by production or release of:
(A) CO2, (B) H+/e -, (C) ATP, (D) H2O, (E) Both A and B.
20, 21. At the end of the electron transport system the H+/e - combines with (20)
to produce (21) .
(A) CO2, (B) O2, (C) ATP, (D) H2O.
22. Glycogen is formed in the liver during the:
(A) post-absorptive phase, (B) absorptive phase,
(C) period of extreme stress such as starvation, (D) both A and C are correct.
23. Gluconeogenesis occurs during the:
(A) post-absorptive phase, (B) absorptive phase,
(C) period of extreme stress such as starvation, (D) both A and C are correct.
24. The hormone which stimulates the breakdown of proteins from muscle and connective tissue to form glucose is:
(A) insulin, (B) glucagon, (C) epinephrine, (D) cortisol.
25. The hormone released from the pancreas when stimulated by rising glucose levels is:
(A) insulin, (B) glucagon, (C) epinephrine, (D) cortisol.
26. In transamination the amine group of an amino acid is:
(A) converted to urea, (B) transferred to a keto acid, (C) converted to ammonia,
(D) converted to ammonium ion.
27. A lobule of the liver is associated with a triad of vessels which are branches of each of the following except:
(A) portal vein, (B) hepatic vein, (C) hepatic artery, (D) bile duct.
(A) cortex, (B) pyramids, (C) calyces, (D) renal pelvis.
28. Urine drains from this area directly into the ureter.
29. Glomeruli and convoluted tubules are found in this.
30. The medulla is composed of the these plus the renal columns.
31. Collects urine from renal papillae.
32. This is very hypertonic to filtrate in the surrounded collecting tubes and loops of Henle.
(C) ascending and descending vasa recta, (D) proximal and distal convoluted tubule.
34, 35. In the countercurrent exchange of salt, NaCl is first taken into (34)
to be subsequently removed from (35) and recycled.
(A) afferent arteriole, (B) efferent arteriole, (C) ascending limb of vasa recta,
(D) descending limb of vasa recta, (E) descending limb of loop of Henle.
36. Secretion involves movement of substances from:
(A) glomerulus to Bowman's capsule, (B) convoluted tubule to peritubular capillaries , (C)
tubular cells into the convoluted tubule, (D) interstitial fluid into vasa recta.
37. When the body does not need to eliminate acid, would be secreted in exchange for sodium.
(A) K+, (B) H+, (C) NH4+, (D) Cl -, (E) HCO3-.
38, 39. During conditions of high acidity (38) would be secreted by
neutralizing (39) with amine groups.
(A) K+, (B) H+, (C) NH4+, (D) Cl -, (E) HCO3-.
40, 41, 42. In deriving (40) from chemical reaction of CO2 and H2O, the tubular cells will keep (41) and allow the anion (42) to escape to the urine.
(A) K+, (B) H+, (C) NH4+, (D) Cl -, (E) HCO3-.
43, 44. Autoregulation will cause the (43) to (44) in response to high blood
pressure in the glomerulus.
(A) afferent arteriole, (B) efferent arteriole, (C) glomerulus,
(D) vasoconstrict, (E) vasodilate.
45. Macula densa cells are located in the:
(A) afferent arteriole, (B) efferent arteriole, (C) proximal convoluted tubule,
(D) distal convoluted tubule, (E) collecting tubule.
46, 47. Low glomerular pressure and filtration stimulates the release of (46) from the juxtaglomerular cells which causes a chemical reaction producing (47) in the blood.
(A) angiotensinogen, (B) angiotensin II, (C) renin, (D) aldosterone,
(E) ADH.
48. The effect of #47 is also to cause ___ to be secreted by the adrenal cortex.
(A) angiotensinogen, (B) angiotensin II, (C) renin, (D) aldosterone,
(E) ADH.
49, 50. This (#47) results directly in increased (49) reabsorption from the (50) .
(A) K+, (B) Na+, (C) H2O, (D) convoluted tubule, (E) collecting tubule.
Answers
| 1 E | 11 A | 21 D | 31 C | 41 E |
| 2 C | 12 D | 22 B | 32 B | 42 D |
| 3 B | 13 E | 23 D | 33 B | 43 A |
| 4 A | 14 A | 24 D | 34 D | 44 D |
| 5 D | 15 B | 25 A | 35 C | 45 D |
| 6 A | 16 A | 26 B | 36 C | 46 C |
| 7 A | 17 D | 27 B | 37 A | 47 B |
| 8 E | 18 C | 28 D | 38 C | 48 D |
| 9 D | 19 E | 29 A | 39 B | 49 B |
| 10 D | 20 B | 30 B | 40 B | 50 D |