BIOL 237 UNIT 1 OBJECTIVES

Updated: January 23, 2005

1. Identify and compare the characteristics and functions of the four major tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous.

2. Describe the characteristics, functions, locations in the body and nomenclature for epithelial tissue. Include the characteristics of cellularity (arrangement of cells), cellular contacts or junctions (junctional complex), polarity (orientation), vascularity (presence of blood vessels), and support. Terms: tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions, apical surface, basal surface, basal lamina, reticular lamina, basement membrane, microvilli; nomenclature: simple, stratified, pseudostratified, ciliated, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional.

3. Identify the locations and functions of the following specific types of epithelial tissue: simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudostratified ciliated, columnar, ciliated columnar, stratified cuboidal, transitional.

Terms: endothelium mesothelium, goblet cell, mucus, secretion, absorption, keratinized, non-keratinized, epidermis.

4. Describe and compare the cellular arrangement in the following varieties of ducts: simple tubular, simple branched tubular, simple branched alveolar, compound tubular, compound alveolar, compound tubuloalveolar. Terms: glandular epithelium, exocrine (merocrine, holocrine.), endocrine, acinar (acini).

5. Identify major characteristics, and their related functions, of connective tissue. Include: cellularity, vascularity, Terms: mesenchyme, matrix, ground substance, loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, inorganic salts, semisolid gel, collagen fibers, elastic fibers (elastin), reticular fibers cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), (chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid).

6. Identify the cells, and their functions, found in connective tissue. Include: fibrocyte (-blast,-clast), osteocyte (-blast, -clast), chondrocyte (-blast, -clast), plasma cells, mast cells, macrophages.

7. Describe the structural characteristics, locations and functions of the following specific

connective tissues: areolar, adipose, dense regular (fibrous), dense irregular, elastic, reticular, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, osseous (bone) tissue. Terms: interstitial fluid, edema, stroma, ligaments, tendons, lacunae, perichondrium.

8. Identify the epithelial membranes found in the body and describe the tissue components, locations and functions of each. Terms: serous, mucous, cutaneous, mesentery, pericardial, pleural, peritoneal. Compare these with the synovial membrane.   Term: synovial joint, bursa.

9. Compare the tissues studied as to their ability to repair damage. Terms: regeneration, stroma, fibrosis, granulation tissue, parenchyma, scar tissue, adhesions.

10. Identify the what is meant by the integumentary system and describe its functions.

11. Describe the structural organization of the organ called skin including tissue types and layers as well as other structures. Identify relationship of the skin's structures to its functions.

12. Identify the cellular and tissue components of the epidermis and the functions of each.   Terms: stratum basale (germinative layer), stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum (transitional layers), stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (cornified layer), keratin, keratinocytes, melanocyte, melanin, carotene, Langerhans cells.

13. Identify the cellular and tissue components of the dermis and the functions of each.   Terms: papillary layer, dermal papillae, reticular layer, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel cells, Pacinian corpuscles, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous glands, arrector pili.

Other Terms:

first, second, and third degree burns

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

malignant melanoma

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