BIOL 238

Sample Questions

The Respiratory System

Questions 1 through 4 relate to diagram below of pressure changes during quiet ventilation.

1. At what point does inspiration end?

(A) 1, (B) 2, (C) 3, (D) 4.

2. The diaphragm _______ from

Point 1 to Point 3.

(A) only contracts, (B) only relaxes,

(C) contracts then relaxes,

(D) relaxes then contracts.

3. Intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure at:

(A) the end of inspiration,

(B) the end of expiration,

(C) the middle of inspiration,

(D) the middle of expiration,

(E) Both A and B, (F) Both C and D.

4. Point C’ is at:

(A) the end of inspiration, (B) the end of expiration, (C) the middle of inspiration,

(D) the middle of expiration.

5. A primary stimulus producing increased respiration in normal healthy people is:

(A) decreased blood pO₂, (B) increased blood H⁺, (C) increased pCO₂,

(D) All of the above, (E) B and C only.

6, 7. The Bohr Effect results from ___(6)___ and produces ___(7)___.

Answers for #6: (A) increased H⁺ in systemic capillaries, (B) increased pCO₂ in systemic capillaries,

(C) an increase in carbaminohemoglobin, (D) decreased oxygen in pulmonary capillaries,

(E) all of the above, (F) A and C only.

Answers for #7: (A) increased dissociation of oxygen, (B) increased association of oxygen,

8. Hemoglobin saturation of oxygen decreases with:

(A) increased pH, (B) increased pCO₂, (C) accumulation of 2,3, DPG, (D) decreased barometric pressure,

(E) all of the above, (F) all except A.

9. A disorder which reduces the lungs compliance or distensibility (but has no other effect) is a:

(A) restrictive disorder, (B) obstructive disorder, (C) disorder which is both restrictive and obstructive.

10. Asthma and bronchitis alone (without other disorders being present)

(A) would reduce the VC, (B) would reduce the FEV₁, (C) would reduce both VC and FEV₁.

11. A destruction of normal lung tissue with resulting thickened and dilated alveolar sacs and alveoli is typical of:

(A) emphysema, (B) asthma, (C) bronchitis, (D) fibrosis

12. Both the respiratory and conducting zones have:

(A) mucous production, (B) cilia, (C) elastic tissue, (D) cartilage, (E) all of these.

13, 14. Relaxation of the diaphragm causes ___(13)___ intrapulmonary volume,

and is the cause of ___(14)__ .

Choices for #13: (A) increased, (B) decreased, (C) unchanged

Choices for #14: (A) quiet inspiration, (B) quiet expiration, (C) forced inspiration, (D) forced expiration.

15. Cartilage is present in all the following except:

(A) trachea, (B) primary bronchi, (C) tertiary bronchi, (D) bronchioles, (E) both C and D.

16. In the following locations, pCO₂ is higher in the:

(A) alveolar air, (B) pulmonary arterial blood.

17. In the following locations, pCO₂ is higher in the:

(A) alveolar air, (B) expired air.

18. In the following locations, pO₂ is higher in the:

(A) systemic tissues, (B) pulmonary venous blood.

19. In the following locations, pO₂ is about the same in the:

(A) inspired air and alveolar air, (B) expired air and alveolar air,

(C) alveolar air and pulmonary venous blood, (D) alveolar air and pulmonary arterial blood.

The following graph illustrates the saturation of hemoglobin in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood at sea level and at 5000' . Questions 44 and 45 relate to this graph.

20. The amount of oxygen which dissociates from the blood into the tissues at sea level is the difference between:

(A) 1 and 2, (B) 1 and 3, (C) 2 and 3, (D) 3 and 4, (E) 2 and 4.

21. The amount of oxygen remaining in deoxygenated blood at 5000' compared to the amount remaining at sea level is seen as the difference between:

(A) 1 and 2, (B) 1 and 3, (C) 2 and 3, (D) 3 and 4, (E) 2 and 4.