BIOL 238

Sample Questions

The Urinary System

1 through 5 Matching: Use each answer once only.

(A) cortex, (B) pyramids, (C) calyx, (D) ureter, (E) trigone.

1. As loops of Henle and collecting tubes pass into this area they are exposed to a very hypertonic environment.

2. Histology includes transitional epithelium and two smooth muscle layers.

3. Funnels urine into the urethra

4. Location of the convolted tubules

5. Funnels urine into the renal pelvis

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Questions 6 through 15 relate to diagram below:

6. The descending limb of the vasa recta is shown by:

(A) 9, (B) 10, (C) 11, (D) 12, (E) 14.

7. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is shown by:

(A) 9, (B) 10, (C) 11, (D) 12, (E) 14.

8. Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from:

(A) 7, (B) 8, (C) 9, (D) 10, (E) 12

9. Most reabsorption carries substances into:

(A) 7, (B) 8, (C) 9, (D) 10, (E) 13

10. The filtration membrane is composed of cells that are part of:

(A) 1, 2, and 3, (B) 1, 3, and 6, (C) 1, 2, 3, and 6, (D) 1 only, (E) 2 & 6 only.

11. The countercurrent exchange of salt is due to transport in or out of:

(A) 9 and 10, (B) 11 and 14, (C) 9 and 11, (D) 10 and 14.

12, 13. Reabsorption of NaCl from (12) causes reabsorption of water from (13) in the mechanism known as the counter-current multiplier.

Choices for 12: (A) 7, (B) 8, (C) 9, (D) 10, (E) 12, (F) Both 9 and 12.

Choices for 13: (A) 7, (B) 8, (C) 9, (D) 10, (E) 12, (F) Both 9 and 12.

14. Which arrow (Use letters A through E only) indicates facultative water reabsorption under control of ADH?

15. The location of salt reabsorption under control of aldosterone is:

(A) 7, (B) 8, (C) 9, (D) 10, (E) 12.

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16. The juxta-glomerular apparatus is where connect.

1) afferent arteriole, 2) efferent arteriole, 3) peritubular capillaries

4) loop of Henle, 5) distal convoluted tubule

(A) 1, 2 and 3, (B) 1, 3 and 4, (C) 1, 2 and 5, (D) 1, 3 and 5, (E) 2 and 5 only.

17, 18. In response to low glomerular pressure or GFR (interpreted by low flow and high salt in the distal convoluted tubule) the (17) cause vasodilation of the (18) .

(A) juxtaglomerular cells, (B) macula densa cells, (C) afferent arteriole, (D) efferent arteriole,

(E) glomerulus.

19, 20. In addition to the response cited in the previous question (19) is released into the plasma

by the (20) :

Choices for #19: (A) angiotensinogen, (B) angiotensin II, (C) renin, (D) aldosterone.

Choices for #20: (A) juxtaglomerular cells, (B) macula densa cells, (C) afferent arteriole,

(D) efferent arteriole

21. The substance released (Answer to #19) causes a chemical reaction which first produces:

(A) angiotensinogen, (B) angiotensin I, (C) angiotensin II, (D) aldosterone, (E) renin.

22. The second step in this reaction sequence is catalyzed by:

(A) ADH, (B) ACE, (C) aldosterone, (D) renin, (E) angiotensin II.

23, 24. The final product of the reaction catalyzed by #22 has two effects:

The immediate effect is to cause (23) to occur first

in the (24) and subsequently in all peripheral vessels.

For 23: (A) vasoconstriction, (B) vasodilation,

For 24: (C) afferent arteriole, (D) efferent arteriole, (E) vasa recta.

25, 26. A second effect of this product is to cause ___(25)___ to be secreted which directly increases the reabsorption of ___(26)___.

(A) ADH, (B) aldosterone, (C) Na⁺, (D) H₂O, (E) K⁺