Other Control Mechanisms
Direct hypothalamic control – stimulation of
the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine.
Substrate control – direct response by glands.
 parathyroid glands – secrete PTH (parathyroid
   hormone) in response to i blood calcium
 thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells) – secrete
   calcitonin in children, respond toh blood calcium
Pancreas – a and b Islet cells secrete glucagon and
insulin, in response to plasma glucose.