BIOL 237
Human Anatomy
& Physiology I

The Scope of
Anatomy & Physiology

Hierarchy of Living Organisms:

The Functions of Life:

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Homeostasis

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

Positive Feedback

Chemical Constituents of Cells

Slide 16

Chemical Bonds

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides

Importance of Carbohydrates

A Proteoglycan

Proteoglycan Complex

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Proteoglycan Complex EM

Examples of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Proteins

Amino Acid Structure

Selected Amino Acids

Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins

A Dipeptide

Protein Structure

Secondary Level

Secondary Level

Fibrous Collagen: A Secondary Protein

Tertiary Level

Formation of Disulfide Bonds

Enzymes Rely on Tertiary Structure

Enzyme Denaturation

The Quaternary Level

Lipids

Cholesterol

Fats

Structure of Fats

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

Atherosclerosis

Fats as Structural Components

Lipid Barrier

The Phospholipid Cephalin

The Unit Membrane

Functions of the Unit Membrane:

Functions of the Unit Membrane (contd.)

The Plasma Membrane

Membrane-Bound Organelles

The Nucleus

Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Figure 3.1

Slide 65

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Pinocytosis = “cell drinking”

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Slide 70

Figure 3.1

Non-Membraneous Structures:
The Cytoskeleton

microvilli

Non-Membraneous Structures

Centrioles

Cilium

Ciliary Motion

Fluid Movement

Microvilli

Cell Junctions

Tight Junction

Tight Junction

Desmosome

Gap Junctions