1) Title Slide

2) Two Circulatory Divisions

3) Embryological Development of the Heart

4) Diagramatic View of Right Heart

5) Diagramatic View of Left Heart

6) Heart Valves Produce One-way Blood Flow

7) Location of the Atrioventricular Valves

8) Action of the Atrioventricular Valves

9) Semilunar Valves

10) Location of the Semilunar Valves

11) Action of the Semilunar Valves

12) Heart Valves, Superior View

13) AV Valve

14) The Aortic Semilunar Valve

15) Valve disorders:

16) Assignment

17) Blood Flow Through the Heart

18) Coronal Section of Heart: Right Side

19) Coronal View of Heart: Left Side

20) Anterior View of the Heart, Figure 19.4

21) Anterior View of the Heart, Right Side

22) Anterior View of the Heart, Left Side

23) Posterior View of Heart, Figure 19.4

24) Posterior View of Heart, Right Side

25) Posterior View of Heart, Left Side

26) Heart, Anterior Exposure

27) Layers of the Heart

28) The Cardiac Cycle

29) Major Events in The Cardiac Cycle

30) Cardiac Cycle (contd.)

31) Cardiac Output

32) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Figure 19.19

33) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Atrial Systole

34) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Atrial Diastole

35) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Ventricular Systole

36) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Isovolumetric Contraction Phase

37) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Ventricular Ejection

38) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, The ESV

39) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Isovolumetric Relaxation Phase

40) Left Heart Cardiac Cycle, Back to the Quiescent Period

41) The Ejection Fraction

42) Preload and Afterload

43) Blood Flow vs Pressure and Resistance

44) Cardiac Muscle Structure

45) Cardiac Muscle Characteristics

46) Another Example of Cardiac Muscle

47) Two Syncytia in the Heart

48) Electrical Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle

49) Pacemaker Potential in Autorhythmic Cells

50) Electrical Activity in Contractile Cells

51) The Na⁺/Ca⁺² Channels

52) Skeletal Muscle vs. Cardiac Muscle

53) Cardiac Conduction System: The SA Node

54) Cardiac Conduction System: The AV node

55) Cardiac Conduction System: Purkinje and Repolarization

56) The SA Node

57) The AV Node and Right AV Bundle Branch

58) AV Bundle Branch, Left Side

59) The ECG (EKG) or Electrocardiogram

60) Correlation of the ECG with the Electrical Pathway

61) ECG: Figure 19.18 a, b

62) ECG: Figure 19.18 c,d

63) Other Cardiac Abnormalities

64) Cardiac Control

65) Inputs to Cardiac Center

66) Higher brain center – the hypothalamus

67) Right heart reflex

68) The Frank-Starling Law

69) Length-tension relationship

70) Factors Affecting Cardiac Output